Disclaimer Generator Tool

Discription:- Disclaimer generator is a tool or a statement which comply to anyone legal or the third party requirements. It is a statemaentwhich helps to reduce the business's legal liabilities or the legal claims on your business. It includes the information about liability issues specific to the content of your website. you have to need a disclaimer data whether you sell a product, runninng an app or website, collecting a consumer data and so on. you have to Present an agreement within you and your visitor or client so that they surity of protection against illegal activities and legal issues . who needs adisclaimer:- It depends on your website and content of your website or if you have affiliated links. If you will copy a disclaimer someone's else it can create a copyright violation.



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Disclaimer Generator

This web page helps to create a unique name Only by clicking on the click button. The names are imaginative and varied, suitabel in use of variu context character creater, brainstorming etc.

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Image Enlarge tool

This web application is used to magnify the image for the closer inspection. the images can be seen by doing zoom in and zoom out. This web application tool enhances the image inspection or learning by magnifying the image to clarify the details present/ available in the given image to learn clearly.It is useful for so,e tasks such as examining the intricate designs, diagrams or graphs, images or high resolution images with finer details etc.

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Male Reproductive System

 Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system consists of 

 i) scrotum which acts as thermoregulator and maintaining the temperature of testes

ii) testes which are the primary sex organs

iii) Vasa Efferentia

iv) Epididymis

v) Vas deferential

vi) Ejaculatory ducts 

vii) Urethra

viii) penis

ix) Accessory glands

The male reproductive system is functional for the sexual activity and urinary functions.

1) Scrotum:- 

It is a pouch of pigmented skin arising lower abdominal wall and hanging between the legs. It's dermis contains a continuous layer smooth muscle fibres called dartos tunic. The scrotum is divided into right and left scrotal sacs called septum scrotum. The scar like raphe marks the position of septum externally. The testes passes to the scrotal sacs by the inguinal canals. Tearing of inguinal tissues may leads bulging out of loop of intestine into the scrotum. This condition is called inguinal hernia.

      The scrotum acts as thermoregulator, maintaining the temperature of testes and protect the sperms against the high body temperature.

2) Testes 

The testes are the primary sex organs. They are soft , smooth, pinkish, oval organ. They are suspended in the scrotal sacs by spermatic cords.

i) protective coats ( Tunicae) 

    

A testis is enclosed in a dense fibrous coat, the Tunica albuginea. Outside the Tunica albuginea,there is a visceral layer of peritoneum called Tunica vaginalis. There is also a part of scrotal sac act as a parietal peritoneum.

ii) Testicular Lobules:-

There is septa which divides the testis into 200-300 lobules. Each Testicular Lobule contains 1-4 convoluted seminiferous tubules, blood vessels and nerves embedded in loose connective tissue. The ends of the seminiferous tubules converge towards the middle of the posterior surface of the testis and join to form short straight tubules called tubuli recti. The tubuli recti open into a network of wider , irregular tubules called rete testis.

What are seminiferous tubules ?

These are the tubules which are present in the Testicular Lobule.Each seminiferous tubule is lined by germinal epithelium. Major of the cells in this epithelium are cuboidal spermatogenic cells but a few are large pyramidal , supporting Sertoli or nurse cells. The cuboidal cells produce spermatogonial into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. The spermatogonia grow into primary spermatocytes, which undergoes meiosis producing haploid cells , first secondary spermatocytes and then spermatids and then into spermatozoa. Differentiation of spermatozoa from the spermatogonia is called spermatogenesis.

3) Vasa Efferentia 

From the rete testis, 50-20 fine convoluted, ductules, the Vasa Efferentia, pierce the tunica albuginea to enter the head of the Epididymis. The Vasa Efferentia at places bear cilia to aid in sperm transport.

4) Epididymis 

It is a long tube which is greatly coiled and tightly packed to form an elongated, flattened body attached to the hind surface of the testis. It shows three regions -

 a)upper wider head or caput epididymis that receives the Vasa efferentia

 b)middle narrower body or Corpus epididymis

c) lower tail or cauda epididymis

5) Vasa deferentia

The Vasa deferens is a continuation of the cauda epididymis. It is about 40cm.long and is slightly coiled at first but becomes straight as it enters the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal. Here, it passes over the urinary bladder, curves round the ureter and joins the duct of a seminal vesicles to form an ejaculatory duct. The Vasa deferens is enlarged to form a spindle like ampulla for the temporary storage of spermatozoa.

6) Ejaculatory ducts 

These are about 2 cm. Long thin walled tubes, pass through the prostate gland and open into the urethra.

7) Urethra 

It is the urinary duct leading from the bladder. It carries urine as well as spermatozoa and secretion of the seminal vesicles. It also receives secretions of the prostate and cowper's glands. It is 20 cm, long and passes through the penis. The urethra has 3 region

i) prostatic urethra which is surrounded by prostate gland

ii) membranous urethra without any covering 

iii) penial urethra that passes through the penis.

The urethra has 2 sphincter : 

a) internal sphincter of smooth muscle fibres at its beginning

b) external sphincter of straight muscle fibres around its membranous part.

8) Penis 

The penis is an external intromittent organ through which the urethra runs.It consists of 3 columns of spongy tissue:
a) 2 corpora cavernosa
b) 1 Corpus spongiosum
Near the tip of the penis, the Corpus spongiosum is enlarged to form a soft and highly sensitive glans penis. It is covered by a loose , retractable fold of skin , the prepuse,  or foreskin. The urethra opens out at the tip of the penis

9) Accessory Sex Glands 

These includes a pair of seminal vesicles, a prostate gland and a pair Cowper's , or bulbourethral glands.

a) Seminal vesicles:-

The seminal vesicles are elongated, coiled sacs about 4cm. long. They are located near the ampullae of the Vasa deferentia. The seminal vesicles do not store sperms. They contribute yellowish, slightly alkaline, viscous seminal fluid that contains the sugar fructose, a coagulating enzymes ascorbic acid and harmone like prostaglandins. Fructose provides energy to the spermatozoa for swimming. The prostaglandins stimulate contractions in the female reproductive tract to help the meeting of sperm and ovum in the oviduct. Their ducts join the Vasa deferentia.

b) Prostate gland:-

It surrounds the first portion of the urethra. It is large, chestnut - shaped spongy and lobulated gland. It secreted a thin, milky, slightly acidic fluid, which is discharged into the prostatic part of urethra. It contains citrate and anticoagulant enzymes. The secretion nourishes and activates the spermatozoa to swim.

c) Cowper's Glands or Bulbourethral glands :-

These lie below the prostate gland. They are about the size of pea seeds. They secrete alkaline mucus which is discharged into the membranous part of the urethra. This serves to neutralize any acid urine remaining in the urethra.

d) Other Glands :-

Prepuse contains preputial gland which produce  a sebaceous substance which together with desquamated epidermal cells forms a whitish, pasty , foul smelling accumulation called smegma, about the base of the glans penis beneath the prepuse.

The urethra also has mucus secreting cells in its lining.

 What  is Semen? 

The secretion of accessory Sex Glands and mucus are added to the sperms to form the seminal fluid or semen or seminal plasma. It is rich in fructose, calcium and some enzymes.

 What are the main  functions of semen?

It has many functions:-

i) They provides a fluid medium for the transmission of sperms into the vagina of female.

ii) They nourish and Activate the sperms to keep them viable and motile.

iii) They neutralize the acidity of urine in the urethra of male and vagina of the female to protect the sperms.

iv) They facilitate the sexual activity by lubricating the reproductive tract of the female. The semen has a pH of 7.35-7.5.

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responsive code of System Monitor Tool

The System Monitor Tool is a responsive web application designed to track CPU and memory usage.CPU and memory usage data are dynamically updated and displayed with progress bars, providing real-time feedback. The layout adjusts seamlessly to different screen sizes, ensuring optimal viewing experience across devices. The tool offers an intuitive way to monitor system performance, making it accessible and practical for users on various platforms.

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The Doughnut Chart Maker Tool is a web application that allows users to dynamically create and customize doughnut charts. As users input data, the doughnut chart updates in real-time, visually representing the distribution of values. It provides a simple and intuitive interface for generating colorful doughnut charts, making it ideal for visualizing data relationships and proportions quickly and effectively.

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Disclaimer:

Disclaimer: The content provided on angelrajput19.blogspot.com is intended for general informational purposes only. While we strive to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information presented, we make no warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied, regarding the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability of the content. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk. We do not offer professional advice, and users should seek the guidance of qualified professionals for specific concerns. Links to external websites are provided for convenience and do not imply endorsement; we do not guarantee the accuracy or relevance of the information found on those sites. By accessing and using our website, you agree to indemnify us against any losses or damages incurred from your use of the content. We reserve the right to modify or update this disclaimer at any time without prior notice.

Pie Chart Maker Tool

The pie chart data allows users to input data points separate by commas. Upon clicking update chart , It generate the responsive pie chart by using differebt colours. The users will see and check their data easily and quickly in various colours and responsive data.

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The Line graph maker tool helps in the formation of line graph after input the dataset value and labels and upon clicking on the Gnerate Graph, it renders the line grph using the chart.The Line graph maker tool is user friendly web application and simple to use to create a line graph easily and quickly.This tool helps the students and professional to visualize the data trends or information easily and effortlessly

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This tool provides an input field to enter the URL of the website you want to test and a button to initiate the test. The preview section will display the website within an iframe once the URL is entered and the button is clicked.

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Binary to Hex converter Tool

This tools help in the conversion of Binary numbers to the hexadecimal format instantaly. The conversion logic employs JavaScript methods to convert binary to decimal and then to hexadecimal, ensuring accurate results. With immediate feedback, this tool facilitates quick and efficient conversion, making it accessible and user-friendly for various devices.

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Post Fertilization in Flowering plants ☘️🍀

 Post Fertilization In Flowering plants

Post Fertilization is a process of events after fertilization in which, the Ovule develops into a seed and ovary transformed into a fruit.

The major events include are-

a) Development of endosperm from triploid primary endosperm nucleus in embryosac

b) Development of embryo from diploid zygote

C) Development of seeds from Ovule

d) Development of fruit from ovary 

i) Development of endosperm

Endosperm is the food laden tissue formed by the development of angiospermous seeds which provides essential nutrients to the growing embryo and also the young seedlings at the time of seeds germination.

In gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is known as endosperm. In angiosperms, the endosperm develops from triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus which is formed as a result of vegetative fertilization, triple fusion or fusion of male gamete with secondary nucleus of central cell.

Types of Endosperm 

Endosperm is of three types -

i) Nuclear endosperm

ii) Cellular endosperm 

iii) Helobial endosperm

i) Nuclear endosperm 

In this type, the primary endosperm nucleus divides by repeated mitotic division without the formation of walls which results in the formation of large number of free nuclei in the central wall of the embryosac. A big vacuole develops in the embryosac pushing all the nuclei to the peripheral cytoplasm.The free nuclei come to lie between the embryosac cell wall and vacuolar membrane of central cell. The second phase begins with the cleavage of multinucleate peripheral cytoplasm which results the formation of centripetal cell wall. Finally, the endosperm is converted into a cellular tissue. Nuclear endosperm is most common type of endosperm.E.g Acalypha indica

Cellular endosperm -

In this type, the first Nuclear division of primary endosperm nucleus occurs by the formation of either longitudinal or transverse cell wall in central cell.So, Nuclear division and wall formation results in the formation of cellular endosperm. E.g Petunia, Datura, Balsam

iii) Helobial endosperm

In this the primary endosperm nucleus moves to the chalazal end of the embryosac. The first Nuclear division of the primary endosperm nucleus is followed by formation of a transverse wall resulting in the formation of a small chalazal cell and a large micropylar end. Generally, the chalazal end doesn't divide further and function as haustorium. Nucleus of large micropylar end divides by repeated free division and further development takes place in the same way as in nuclear endosperm. 

E.g in monocotyledons.

 

b) Development of Embryo 

      In Dicotyledons:

i) In these , the zygote enlarges in size, secrete its own cellulose cell wall and divides by the transverse division which form the two unequal cells. The large basal cell i.e suspensor cell which lies towards the micropylar end of the embryosac and the smaller terminal cell i.e embryonal cell which lies towards the chalazal end of the embryosac.

ii) The basal suspensor cell divides by transverse division and the terminal embryonal cell by longitudinal division to form a tetrad.

iii) Due to the suspensor cell division, lower most cell enlarges in size towards micropylar end to form a vesicular basal cell. The other cell divides to form a row of 7-8 cells of a long suspensor cells.

iv) Each of two terminal cells of the tetrad stage of proembryo divide longitudinally forming four celled quadrant stage.

v) Each four celled quadrant stage divide to form eight celled octant stage.

vi) Each eight celled octant now becomes sixteen celled by having periclinal division to form an outer prodermal celland an inner cell.

vii) By anticlinal division, epidermis has been formed. The eight inner cells divide in different planes to form the ground meristem and procambium of hypocotyledon, hypocotyl and plumule.

viii) The suspensor cell situated at the terminal end of suspensor is called hypophysis.

ix) The hypophysis divides by the transverse and longitudinal division to form three tiers of cells.The cells of inner tiers form the cortical initial of radicle, middle and outer tiers form the initial root periderm and root cap.

x) At this stage, the developing embryo is globular and shows radial symmetry. This is called proembryo. The proembryo is transformed into embryo with the development of radicle, plumule and cotyledons..

xi) Two cotyledons arise from two ridges of tissues appeared at the distant region of the proembryo which becomes a heart shaped embryo

xii) Now cotyledons grow rapidly whereas a few cells to form a dome shaped plumule.

.

2. In monocotyledons

xiii) Early phases of embryogenesis are very similar in both Dicotyledons and monocotyledons upto the formation of globular proembryo . In monocotyledons, about half of terminal cells derived functions as shoot apex whereas remainder of the cells show a rapid rate of cell division in the formation of single terminal cotyledon.

iii) Development of Seed 

After fertilization, the Ovule transformed into a seed. The following changes usually occurs in the Ovule during seed development.

a) The zygote develops into an embryo.

b) The triploid primary endosperm nucleus gives rise to a nutritive tissue called endosperm. The endosperm may persist or completely digested during embryogenesis. 

The seeds having copious amount of endosperm, tissue are called albuminous and the seeds in which endosperm is used up are called exalbuminous . They usually store reserve food materials.

c) The nucellus is generally usedup during the development of embryo and form a thin layer, called perisperm in some cases.

d) The outer integument is hard and leathery testa which ensures survival of seeds

e) The inner integument persist form the tegmen

f) The micropyle remains in the form of a fine pore on the surface of seeds. Funicle is transformed into stalk of the seeds. The hilum marks the point of attachment to the stalk.

Development of fruits 

The ovary is transformed into fruit after developing the seeds. After receiving the necessary stimuli , the ovules present in the ovary which transformed into seeds and the wall of the ovary transformed into pericarp or fruit wall.

Types of fruits - 

The fruits are divided into two categories -

1. True fruits  - The fruit that derived from ovary of a flower, not associated with the noncarpellary part, is called true fruits.

E.g Mango, Banana, grapes,pea, cucumber etc 

2.  False fruits - The fruit that derived from ovary along with other accessory floral parts , are called False fruits or pseudocarp.

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Text to Decimal Converter Tool

There is a simple text area where you can enter the text and after clicking on the Convert button, It converts the text into the decimal representation and display into the another text area.

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Complementary Genes

 Definition

     Two independent pairs of genes which interact to produce a trait together, but each dominant gene alone doesn't show its effect, are called complementary Genes. 

Example

Several varieties of white flowered sweet peas are known and a cross between most of these varieties yields only white flowered offspring

A cross illustrating the action of Complementary gene

One dominant gene C , controls the synthesis of  the raw material for the purple pigment

The Other Dominant gene E, controls the formation of an enzymes that converts the raw material into the purple pigment.

At lease one C gene and  one E gene must be present to produce purple flower.

The absence of any one or both results in the formation of white flowers.

 So, the cross between ccEE and CCee gives CcEe in F1 generation .

In F2 generation , the cross gives a ratio of 9 Purple and 7 White Flowered plants .

So, F2 generation is

                               9 Purple flowered plants : 7 White Flowered plants

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The converter takes a decimal number as input, converts it to binary, and displays the result. If the input is not a valid number, it displays an error message. The styling is responsive and adjusts well to different screen sizes.

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Double Fertilization

 

Double Fertilization

One male gamete fuses with the egg to form the diploid zygote. The process is called syngamy or generative fertilization. The diploid zygote finally develops into embryo. The other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus. The process is called the triple fusion or vegetative fertilization. The two acts of fertilization constitute the process of double Fertilization.

      The process was demonstrated for the first time by Nawaschin (1898) in Lilium and Fritillaria.

Diagram showing the various stages of fertilization 

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Fertilization in flowering plants

 Fertilization

Fusion of male gamete (egg) to form a diploid zygote within the embryosac(or female gametophyte) is called fertilization. 

       In angiosperms, the male gametes are carried to the egg by pollen tube , This process is called siphonogamy.

Growth of The Pollen Tube

The two called pollen grains reach the receptive stigma of the carpel by the act of pollination. Pollen grains, after getting attached to the stigma , absorb water and swell. They release the wall-held proteins and other components so that recognition factors from the pollen and stigma come close to each other. Subsequent to mutual recognition and acceptance of pollen grains, the pollen grains germinates to produce a pollen tube which grows into stigma towards the ovarian cavity. Initial growth on pollen tube occurs at the expense of energy and food materials stored in the pollen tube.

The tube secreted exogenous pectinases and other hydrolytic enzymes to create a passage for its entry. The style is hollow in most of the plants.

Entry of The Pollen Tube Into The Ovule

After reaching the ovary, the pollen tube enters the Ovule, either through micropylar end , chalazal end or laterally. Porogamy is most common, chalazogamy is less common and mesogamy is rare. In  (micropylar end, ) porogamy, tip of the pollen tube enters the micropyle, pushes through the nucellar tissue and finally pierces the egg apparatus end of the embryosac.

     The mature monosporic Polygonum type of embrosac consists of three antipodal cells, one secondary nucleus, two synergids and an egg. The two synergids and an egg make the egg apparatus which is located towards the micropylar end of the embryosac.  The synergids direct the growth of pollen tube by secreting some chemical substance. The tip of pollen tube enters into one synergids. The penetrate synergids start degenerating. After penetrating, the tip of pollen tube enlarge and ruptures , releasing most of its content including the male gamete and the vegetative nucleus into synergids.

Advantage and Disadvantages of Cross pollination

 Advantages of Cross Pollination

1. Cross pollination brings about genetic recommendation and production of new varieties.

2.Cross Pollination results in healthy and stronger offspring due to phenomenon of hybrid vigour.

3. Several crop plants give significantly higher yields if bees are available and cross pollination is allowed to occur.

4.Variation caused due to cross pollination may results in production of disease resistant plants.

5. Cross pollination results in the production of seeds in self -sterile plants.

Disadvantages of Cross Pollination

1. Cross pollination is not economical. The plants waste lot of energy and food materials in unnecessary adaptations and devices to bring pollination.

2. Cross pollination is uncertain because a factor of chance is always involved.

3. It involves addition of some undesirable character or loss of some important character.

4.Many of the seeds or pollen grains become damaged due to the incomplete process or by spoilage of seeds or pollen grains.

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