Artificial Method of Vegetative Propagation

Artificial Method of Vegetative Propagation This method of vegetative propagation are made by man - made or by horticulturists and developed by plant growers for the production of commercial production of crops. They are called artificial method. Some of the artficial method of vegetative propagation are as below:-

i) Cutting:- THe small piece of any plant organ (stem, leaves, roots)used for propagationis called cutting. a) leaf cutting :-It is used to propagateBegonia, Bryophyllum, Kalanchoe etc. b) Root cutting:- I is mostly used to Propagate Citron and Tamarind . c) Stem cutting :- This method is most commonly used in artificial propagation.About 20-30 cm long pieces of stem are planted in natural position in the soil for the proper sprouting. Some factors suc as age of parent plant, length and diameter of the cutting, season and type of plants are also taken to the consideration for the propagation of the plantor the species.It is used in some plants such as: grapes, sugarcane, Rose, Bougainvillea etc.

ii) Layering In this method, roots are artificially induced on the stem branches before they detached from the parent plant. It is of two types:a)Mound Layering b) Air Layering a) Mound Layering:- In this method, the lower branch of stem is bentdown and partially defoliate. An injury is made in the defoliate portion. now the injured and defoliate portion is covered with a light layer of moist soil. After a few days the pegged portion develop adventitious plants. Now the rooted branch is cut and separate from the plant and grown into a new plant. It is used in Jasmine, Grape vine, Strawberry and cherries etc.

ii) Air Layering or (Gootee) :- In this method, a ring of bark is removed(girdled) or a slit at an upward angle is made at the base of an aerial branch. The girdled portion is covered with moist moss or grafting clay( 2 parts clay, 1 part cow dung, some pieces of hay, cotton and water) and wrapped with the moist polythene sheet . the wrapped portion is called gootee. The girdled portion of the branch inside the gootee developsroots within a period of month or two. Now the branch is cut and planted in the soil after removing polythene. This method is used in Litchi, Pomegranate,Orange, Lemon etc.

iii) Grafting:- In this method,two plants are joined in such a way that they as one plant. Grafting is done between the two closely related dicotyledonous plants.The rooted supporting portion of one plant , called stock is joined with a twig of another plant called scion. Generally, the root stock belongs to the wild variety which resistance to the disease and pests and possess an efficient root system for absorption of water and minerals. The scion is ddrived from the plant possessing better characters. Example: the scion of Dussehri mango is grafted on the stock of desi mango . Types of Grafting : Grafting is of four types. a)Tongue or Whip b)Wedge c)Crown d)side grafting

a)Tongue or Whip Grafting :- In this type, both stock and scion are cut obliquely at about the same angle.

b)Wedge Grafting:- A V-shaped notch is made on stock and a wedge shaped cut is made on scion.

c) Crown Grafting:- Several scions having wedge shaped cut are grafted on the slits at the top of stock. d) Side Grafting:- Single scion having wedge shaped cut is inserted in a lateral slit of the stock. e.g Mango,Apple, Roses, Peach, Plum,Rubber, etc. iv) Bud Grafting:- Tis method is similar to grafting except the scion , in this case, it consist of a bud along with a smal portion of bark having intact cambium. The living tissue of scion bud is inserted into an incision made in the stock so that it reaches uptte cambium of the stock.the bud portion should remain exposed outside in the air. The joint is thoroughly sealed with bandage.The complete operation should be performed during rainy season to ensure survival of the bud . After 3-5 weeks, the bud begins to grow. As soon as the bud sprouts, the stock is cut above the level of graft, e.g Rose. Apple etc.

v)Propagation by Plant tissue culture or Micropopagation:- This method includes propagation of plants by culturing the cells,tissues and organs, called tissue culture. Initially, the culturing of cells or tissues results in the formation of an undifferentiated mass of cells, called callus, which later differentiates to produce a large number of plantlets, These plantletsare then transfered to separate pots or nursery to obtain a large number of plants. Tissue culture technique is useful to obtaining the virus free plants,disease free plants, homozygous diploids and in commercial micropropagation of orchids, chrysanthemum, Gladiolus and other ornamental plants. This method isemployed for quic multiplication of plants.